Archiv der Kategorie: Wissenschaftstheorie

Russell: Perspectives

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„In addition to the private spaces belonging to the private worlds of different percipients, there is, however, another space, in which one whole private world counts as a point, or at least as a spatial unit. This might be described as the space of points of view, since each private world may be regarded as the appearance which the universe presents from a certain point of view. I prefer, however, to speak of it as the space of perspectives, in order to obviate the suggestion that a private world is only real when someone views it. And for the same reason, when I wish to speak of a private world without assuming a percipient, I shall call it a »perspective«.“ (p. 287) #Russell #perspectives #PrivateWorld

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Russell: Necessity

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„The notion of necessity, which is often associated with determinism, is a confused notion not legitimately deducible from determinism. Three meanings are commonly confounded when necessity is spoken of:—
(α) An action is necessary when it will be performed however much the agent may wish to do otherwise. Determinism does not imply that actions are necessary in this sense.
(β) A propositional function is necessary when all its values are true. This sense is not relevant to our present discussion.
(γ) A proposition is necessary with respect to a given constituent when it is the value, with that constituent as argument, of a necessary propositional function, in other words, when it remains true however that constituent may be varied. In this sense, in a deterministic system, the connection of a volition with its determinants is necessary, if the time at which the determinants occur be taken as the constituent to be varied, the time-interval between the determinants and the volition being kept constant. But this sense of necessity is purely logical, and has no emotional importance.“ (p. 368) #Russell #necessity

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Bachelard: Alchemie

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„Es ist frappierend, daß alle alchemischen Experimente sich auf zwei Arten interpretieren lassen, chemisch und moralisch. Aber dann erhebt sich die Frage: Wo ist das Gold? In der Materie oder im Herzen?“ (p. 99) #Bachelard #Alchemie

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Bachelard: Raum und Realität

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„Diese Philosophen sind Opfer der Idee des Raums. Sie schreiben der Realität einen Typ von Existenz zu, der nichts anderes als eine besondere Ontologie der Raumvorstellung ist. Der Raum, meinen sie, hat eine unbegrenzte »Existenz«“. (p. 161) #Bachelard #Raum #Realität

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